Attachments decides whether your users may upload files at all, which files, and where those files end up.

%ATTACHMENT% standing in for the temporary file's path. A
non-zero exit rejects the upload, which is the hook you hang a virus scanner
off.Where the storage provider you picked serves files publicly, the page shows a warning. Attachment read permissions cannot be enforced against a public provider, because everyone who guesses the URL downloads the file straight from it without the board ever being asked.
A board whose categories are all readable by everyone loses nothing by this. A board with a members-only category, however, needs either local storage or a private bucket, since the attachments in that category are otherwise protected by nothing more than the length of their filenames.
The page itself: Administration → Board Settings → Attachments